Đăng trong bởi Trần Kim

HỎI ĐÁP Y HỌC LƯỢNG TỬ CUỐI TUẦN 12a BỘ GEN NGƯỜI – BÍ ẨN THIÊN NIÊN KỶ

10 KHÁM PHÁ VỀ BỘ GEN NGƯỜI.

Bộ gen người là tất cả vật liệu di truyền của một người, được truyền từ thế hệ này sang thế hệ khác. Bộ gen chứa các gen, các gen được cấu tạo bởi một chất hóa học gọi là ADN. Các gen lại được đóng gói trong nhiễm sắc thể môt cách gọn gàng, có tổ chức và nhỏ gọn. Các nhiễm sắc thể nằm ở trong nhân tế bào, mỗi nhân tế bào có 23 cặp nhiễm sắc thể.

Các nhà nghiên cứu thực hiện thành công các dự án bộ gen người nhằm xác định trình tự ADN của toàn bộ hệ gen. Điều này giúp con người có thể tự hào vì đã khám phá nơi được coi là nguồn gốc của sự sống, là bước tiến vượt bậc của y sinh học. Gen là một cuốn sách lịch sử, một câu chuyện kể về cuộc hành trình của loài người qua thời gian. Đó còn là một hướng dẫn cực kỳ chi tiết cho việc xây dựng nên mỗi tế bào của con người.

Dự án bộ gen người đã thúc đẩy sự phát hiện của hơn 1.800 gen bệnh, nguyên nhân bệnh tật sẽ được biết tường tận đến mức phân tử, cung cấp quyền năng to lớn cho con người trong việc tìm nguyên nhân, chẩn đoán, điều trị và tiên lượng bệnh tật.

10 SỰ THẬT VỀ BỘ GEN

  1. Ngày 28/2/1953, Francis Crick và James Watson đã tìm ra cấu trúc của ADN. Cấu trúc đó là một “xoắn kép”, có thể “giải nén” riêng thành hai sợi dài để làm ra các bản sao của chính nó. Phát hiện này đã khẳng định những nghi vấn rằng ADN mang thông tin di truyền của sinh vật.
  2. Cơ thể con người được tạo thành từ 100 nghìn tỷ tế bào. Mỗi tế bào có ít nhất một nhân, nơi chứa nhiễm sắc thể. Chiều dài của ADN trong nhân mỗi tế bào dài khoảng 1,8 m. Tuy nhiên nó được nén, được xoắn cuộn thật chặt để cuối cùng chỉ còn khoảng 0,0001 cm.
  3. Có 33 gen bị ngưng hoạt động trong gen người. Khi so sánh ở loài chuột người ta thấy các gen này vẫn hoạt động tốt. 10 trong số 33 gen này có chức năng trong việc sản xuất các protein có chức năng ngửi mùi. Do đó khả năng ngửi mùi của con người còn thua xa loài gặm nhấm.
  4. Nếu tất cả các ADN trong 100 nghìn tỷ tế bào của cơ thể con người được đặt từ đầu đến cuối, nó sẽ gấp hai lần khoảng cách từ Mặt Trời đến Trái Đất.
  5. Hầu hết các tế bào người chứa 46 nhiễm sắc thể gồm cặp nhiễm sắc thể từ 1 đến 22 và một cặp nhiễm sắc thể giới tính (nữ có hai nhiễm sắc thể X; nam có một X và một Y).
  6. Số lượng gen trong bộ gen khác nhau từ loài này sang loài khác. Sinh vật phức tạp hơn có xu hướng có nhiều gen hơn. Vi khuẩn có vài trăm đến vài nghìn gen. Ước tính số lượng gen của con người, ngược lại, dao động từ 25.000 đến 30.000. Chuột cũng có khoảng 20.000 gen; với giun tròn khoảng 19 000. Ở nấm men có khoảng 6000 gen; vi khuẩn lao 4000.
  7. Hai người khác nhau có bộ gen giống nhau 99,9% và khác nhau về chỉ có 0,1%. Bộ gen người giống 7% với các vi khuẩn E.coli, 21% với sâu, 90% đối với chuột và 98% với tinh tinh.
  8. Hầu hết các bộ gen được làm từ ADN không mã hoá, đôi khi được gọi là “ADN rác”. Chỉ có khoảng 2% của gen mã hóa protein. Ngày nay các gen rác này được coi là then chốt để phân biệt loài người và các loài khác
  9. ADN là một phân tử mong manh. Một nguyên nhân gì đó có thể gây ra lỗi trên ADN. Điều này có thể bao gồm các lỗi trong quá trình sao chép, thiệt hại từ tia tử ngoại, hoặc bất kỳ một tác nhân nào khác. Có nhiều cơ chế sửa chữa, nhưng một số thiệt hại là không thể sửa chữa. Điều này dẫn đến các đột biến gen. Một số các đột biến không gây hại, một số ít là hữu ích, trong khi số khác có thể gây ra các bệnh như ung thư và các bệnh di truyền.
  10. Bộ gen người hoàn chỉnh bao gồm khoảng 3 tỷ phân tử ADN. Nếu bắt đầu đọc thứ tự của các phân tử ADN với tốc độ 100 phân tử mỗi phút thì bạn cần đến 57 năm để có thể đọc hết các phân tử AND của cơ thể mình (với điều kiện không dừng lại để ăn, uống, ngủ, nghỉ, tắm gội…).

. . . . . . .Nguồn : Bác sĩ Lê Nguyễn Khánh Duy – vnexpress

BÍ ẨN VỀ BỘ GEN NGƯỜI

Năm 2000, các nhà khoa học thuộc Dự án gen người quốc tế đã công bố tài liệu về sơ đồ phác thảo bộ gen người khá hoàn chỉnh, cung cấp thông tin về hoạt động của 23.000 gen, giúp loài người tiếp tục hành trình khám phá nguồn gốc chính mình. Theo Tiến sĩ Craig Venter, những thành tựu trong quá trình giải mã bộ gen người sẽ giúp con người hiểu biết về căn nguyên của gen cũng như mối liên hệ mật thiết giữa gen và nguồn bệnh, từ đó có thể phòng ngừa nhiều bệnh nguy hiểm, đóng góp cho y tế dự phòng và giảm chi phí y tế.

GIẢI MÃ BỘ GEN NGƯỜI.

Sau hơn 10 năm nghiên cứu, vào 6/2000, các nhà khoa học Anh và Mỹ tuyên bố họ đã thành công trong việc giải mã các thông tin di truyền, nền tảng tạo nên sự sống cho con người. Sau 7 tháng, cùng một lúc trên hai bờ Đại Tây Dương, những bí ẩn cuối cùng của bộ gen người sẽ được đưa ra ánh sáng.

Nghiên cứu gen người được thực hiện bởi hai nhóm khoa học độc lập: Dự án Gene Người được nhà nước tài trợ do Anh và Mỹ kết hợp và công ty Celera, một công ty nghiên cứu gen tư nhân Mỹ có trụ sở tại Maryland. Kết quả nghiên cứu của Celera sẽ được công bố trên tạp chí Science (Mỹ), trong khi những phát hiện của Dự án Gene Người sẽ có mặt trên tạp chí Nature (Anh).

GIÁ TRỊ TO LỚN

Tại một cuộc họp báo, Tiến sĩ Michael Dexter, Giám đốc của khu nghiên cứu gen Wellcome Trust, (gần Cambridge, Anh), cho biết: “Việc lập bản đồ gen người được so sánh với sự kiện đưa con người lên mặt trăng. Nhưng tôi tin rằng nó còn hơn thế. Đây là những thành tựu tri thức đột phá, không chỉ trong thế hệ chúng ta mà là trong toàn bộ lịch sử của loài người”.

Việc lập bản đồ trình tự hoá học ADN của con người có thể sẽ mở màn cho một cuộc cách mạng trong ngành y học. Dữ liệu thu được từ dự án sẽ giúp các nhà khoa học tìm ra những cách thức mới chữa trị hiệu quả những căn bệnh hiểm nghèo như đái đường, ung thư và thậm chí cả các bệnh về thần kinh.

BA GIAI ĐOẠN TRONG TIẾN TRÌNH LẬP BẢN ĐỒ GEN NGƯỜI

  1. Nghiên cứu trình tự gen: Các nhà khoa học đã xác định được khoảng 3,5 tỷ ký tự (đơn vị) hoá học (A, C, T, G) tạo nên ADN, nền móng xây dựng nên bộ gen của con người.
  2. Lắp ráp thành mã gen: xếp những ký tự hoá học theo đúng trình tự, cho phép chúng ta “đọc” được các gen. Theo Tiến sĩ Craig Venter, Chủ tịch hãng Celera, 99 % gen người đã được tìm hiểu và 3,21 tỷ ký tự đã được “lắp ráp”.
  3. Chú giải gen: Phần việc khó khăn nhất này… vẫn chưa tới. Các nhà khoa học phải xác định được mỗi gen và chức năng của nó. Công đoạn này sẽ cần vài năm để hoàn tất.

MỘT SỐ KẾT LUẬN CHÍNH TRONG NGHIÊN CỨU MÃ GEN NGƯỜI

– Có khoảng 3,1 tỷ ký tự hoá học trong mã ADN của mỗi tế bào người.

– Bốn thành phần bazơ nitơ cơ bản của ADN, thể hiện bằng ký tự A, C, G, T được sắp xếp theo cặp, xây dựng nên tất cả các cơ thể sống. Mỗi nhóm 3 ký tự tương ứng với một amino axit đơn.

– Có 20 loại amino axit khác nhau tạo nên các loại protein như keratin trong tóc và hemoglobin trong máu.

– Con người có khoảng 30.000 gene, ít hơn nhiều so với dự kiến. Trong khi con số này ở giun tròn là 18.000 và ruồi giấm là 13.000.

– Sự khác biệt giữa người và ruồi giấm hay sâu bọ là gen người có cơ chế làm việc khác hẳn và chúng ta có nhiều gen điều khiển.

– Hàng trăm gen dường như có xuất xứ từ các loại vi khuẩn.

– Phần lớn đột biến gen xảy ra trên đàn ông.

– Các nhà khoa học bắt đầu khám phá giá trị của 97% ADN không tham gia mã hoá thông tin tạo nên protein. Họ cho rằng những ADN được coi là “vô nghĩa” này có thể giúp di chuyển gen.

– Có khoảng 1,8 m ADN trong mỗi tế bào, có thể được gói gọn trong một cấu trúc đường kính 0,001 cm.

– Nếu tất cả ADN trong cơ thể người được xếp thành một hàng, con đường này sẽ dài gấp 600 “tua du lịch khứ hồi” từ trái đất tới mặt trời.

– Khác biệt ADN giữa con người với nhau chỉ vào khoảng 0,1 %, hay là 1/500 (ký tự).

. . . . . . . . .Nguồn : Bích Hạnh (theo BBC, 11/2).

MẬT MÃ GEN NGƯỜI : NHẬN ĐỊNH CỦA Y HỌC LƯỢNG TỬ

Dự án Bản đồ gen Người (tiếng Anh: Human Genome Project – HGP) là một dự án nghiên cứu khoa học mang tầm quốc tế. Mục đích chính của dự án là xác định trình tự của các cặp cơ sở (base pairs) tạo thành phân tử DNA và xác định khoảng 25.000 gen trong bộ gen của con người.

Dự án khởi đầu vào năm 1990 do James D. Watson đứng đầu. Bản phác thảo đầu tiên của bộ gen đã được cho ra đời vào năm 2000 và hoàn tất vào năm 2003.

Trong quá trình sử dụng sinh học phân tử (molecular biology) để lập bản đồ gen người, nhân loại đã rất hồ hởi và cho rằng việc làm chủ hệ thống mật mã gen người chỉ là chuyện “đầu hôm sớm mai”. Nếu nắm được hệ thống mật mã gen người, chúng ta hoàn toàn nắm được thông tin của cả tỷ năm tồn tại và phát triển sinh giới, làm chủ vận mệnh và trường sinh bất tử trên cơ sở khống chế tất cả bệnh tật và mọi biến đổi sinh học có hại cho con người.

Tuy nhiên, vào 17-5-2006, dự án bản đồ gen người tuyên bố thành công trên tạp chí Khoa học uy tín Nature, thì nhân loại mới “tẽn tò” vì đối diện với một khối lượng tính toán khổng lồ để giải toàn bộ mật mã gen người : nó đòi hỏi hàng triệu lần dung lượng và tốc độ của tổng cộng các máy tính lớn nhỏ của loài người hiện có. Hi vọng rằng với phát minh về MÁY TÍNH LƯỢNG TỬ có tốc độ và dung lượng phi thường có thể đáp ứng được đề bài toán nan giải của ông thầy giáo khó tính có tên là THIÊN NHIÊN.

Thiên nhiên luôn tỏ ra quá rộng lớn so với cái chúng ta nghĩ (về nó), và nó không thương tiếc ra những bài toán vạn nan đối với con người.Vì vậy mà vẫn phải nói với bí ẩn của mật mã gen người : HÃY ĐỢI ĐẤY.

———-Wambuakim———-

1.994 Trả lời “HỎI ĐÁP Y HỌC LƯỢNG TỬ CUỐI TUẦN 12a BỘ GEN NGƯỜI – BÍ ẨN THIÊN NIÊN KỶ”

  2. Fantastic goods from you, man. I have keep in mind your stuff prior to
    and you’re just extremely fantastic. I really like what
    you have bought here, really like what you’re saying and the way in which by which you
    say it. You’re making it entertaining and you continue to care for to keep it sensible.
    I cant wait to learn much more from you. This is actually a tremendous site.

    Look into my site … mpc-install.com

    Trả lời

  16. Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied
    on the video to make your point. You definitely
    know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something informative
    to read?

    Here is my blog post; http://www.aniene.net/modules.php?name=Your_Account&op=userinfo&username=BegMonte

    Trả lời

  22. I have been exploring for a bit for any high-quality articles or blog posts
    in this kind of space . Exploring in Yahoo I at last stumbled upon this website.
    Studying this info So i’m glad to exhibit that I’ve
    an incredibly just right uncanny feeling I discovered exactly what I
    needed. I so much indisputably will make certain to don’t overlook
    this web site and provides it a look regularly.

    My webpage; forum.adm-tolka.ru

    Trả lời

  24. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a friend who had been conducting a little research on this.
    And he actually bought me lunch simply because I stumbled upon it for him…
    lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!!

    But yeah, thanx for spending some time to talk about this issue here on your internet site.

    Have a look at my blog; https://mpc-install.com/punbb-1.4.6/viewtopic.php?id=273235

    Trả lời

  25. Nice weblog here! Also your site quite a bit up very fast!

    What host are you the use of? Can I am getting your associate link for your host?
    I desire my website loaded up as fast as yours lol.

    Feel free to surf to my web site; Selma

    Trả lời

  33. I have been surfing online greater than 3 hours lately,
    but I never discovered any fascinating article like yours.
    It is beautiful value sufficient for me. In my opinion, if all site owners
    and bloggers made just right content material as you probably did, the internet shall be much more useful than ever before.

    Feel free to surf to my page; http://www.in-almelo.com

    Trả lời

  34. Thanks on your marvelous posting! I truly enjoyed reading it, you could be a great author.
    I will make certain to bookmark your blog and will eventually come back at some point.
    I want to encourage that you continue your great work, have a nice day!

    Feel free to surf to my blog; http://www.lubertsi.net

    Trả lời

  40. With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright
    infringement? My website has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either authored myself
    or outsourced but it seems a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my agreement.
    Do you know any solutions to help prevent content from being stolen? I’d definitely appreciate it.

    my page … https://mpc-install.com

    Trả lời

    1. The studies in this review uniformly demonstrate that the administration of letrozole during COH reduces oestrogen levels without substantially reducing oocyte yield Oktay et al purchase cialis According to the few longitudinal studies performed, the progression of OA changes is slow, and in many cases the problems requiring treatment may be encountered only 30 years or more after the initial accident

      Trả lời

  50. Simply want to say your article is as amazing.
    The clearness on your post is just excellent and that i could
    suppose you’re knowledgeable in this subject. Well together with your permission let me to snatch your
    feed to stay updated with imminent post. Thank you one million and please continue the enjoyable work.

    my page; mpc-install.com

    Trả lời

  52. Undeniably consider that which you said. Your favorite justification seemed to be at the internet the simplest thing
    to take into account of. I say to you, I definitely get annoyed at the same time as people think about concerns
    that they plainly don’t recognise about.
    You managed to hit the nail upon the top as neatly as outlined out the
    whole thing with no need side-effects , other people can take a
    signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thanks!

    Feel free to visit my page – https://kebe.top/viewtopic.php?id=1749272

    Trả lời

  59. I?m impressed, I must say. Seldom do I encounter a blog that?s both educative
    and interesting, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head.
    The problem is something that not enough folks are speaking intelligently about.

    I am very happy I found this during my search
    for something concerning this.

    Take a look at my webpage … kebe.top

    Trả lời

  73. Hey there I am so glad I found your website, I really found you
    by accident, while I was researching on Askjeeve for something else,
    Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say thank you for a remarkable post and a all round exciting blog (I also love the theme/design), I
    don’t have time to read through it all at the moment
    but I have book-marked it and also added your RSS
    feeds, so when I have time I will be back to
    read more, Please do keep up the awesome work.

    my web site https://www.qijiang520.com/thread-73635-1-1.html

    Trả lời

  82. Simply want to say your article is as amazing.
    The clearness in your publish is simply cool and i could think you’re a professional on this
    subject. Well together with your permission allow me to grab your feed
    to stay up to date with forthcoming post. Thank you
    1,000,000 and please keep up the enjoyable work.

    Feel free to visit my web site … http://www.atomy123.com

    Trả lời

  83. This design is spectacular! You certainly know how to keep a reader amused.

    Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Excellent job.
    I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you
    presented it. Too cool!

    My blog post mpc-install.com

    Trả lời

  85. First of all I want to say awesome blog! I had a quick question in which I’d like to ask if you do not mind.

    I was curious to find out how you center yourself and
    clear your mind prior to writing. I have had trouble clearing my mind in getting my ideas out there.
    I do enjoy writing but it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes
    tend to be wasted simply just trying to figure out how
    to begin. Any suggestions or tips? Thanks!

    Also visit my web blog … grautocar.com

    Trả lời

  91. Howdy! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to
    give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking
    and will be tweeting this to my followers! Excellent blog and excellent design and style.

    My page … haojiafu.net

    Trả lời

  95. Hi there! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give
    a quick shout out and say I genuinely enjoy reading through your blog posts.

    Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with the same subjects?
    Appreciate it!

    Also visit my homepage – clubriders.men

    Trả lời

  96. A motivating discussion is worth comment. There’s no doubt that that you should write more on this issue, it
    may not be a taboo matter but generally folks don’t talk about such
    issues. To the next! All the best!!

    My website kebe.top

    Trả lời

  97. Awesome website you have here but I was curious about
    if you knew of any discussion boards that cover the
    same topics talked about here? I’d really like to be a part of group where I can get responses
    from other knowledgeable people that share the same interest.
    If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Thanks a lot!

    Here is my site kebe.top

    Trả lời

  100. Do you mind if I quote a few of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources
    back to your blog? My blog site is in the very same niche as
    yours and my users would truly benefit from some of the information you present here.
    Please let me know if this ok with you. Many thanks!

    Also visit my site – http://chengdian.cc/

    Trả lời

  101. This design is wicked! You most certainly know how to keep a reader entertained.
    Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Excellent job.
    I really enjoyed what you had to say, and more than that,
    how you presented it. Too cool!

    my web-site: frun-test.sakura.ne.jp

    Trả lời

  102. That is very interesting, You’re an overly skilled blogger.

    I have joined your feed and stay up for in quest of extra of your excellent post.
    Additionally, I have shared your web site in my social networks!

    My web blog: haojiafu.net

    Trả lời

  107. Wonderful website you have here but I was wanting to know if you knew of any user discussion forums that cover the same topics
    discussed in this article? I’d really like to be a part of community where
    I can get suggestions from other experienced people
    that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations,
    please let me know. Kudos!

    my homepage: mpc-install.com

    Trả lời

  112. The other day, while I was at work, my sister stole my apple ipad and tested
    to see if it can survive a twenty five foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views.
    I know this is completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!

    Have a look at my webpage: http://www.qijiang520.com

    Trả lời

  114. First off I would like to say terrific blog!
    I had a quick question in which I’d like to ask if you do not mind.
    I was curious to find out how you center yourself and clear your thoughts
    before writing. I have had trouble clearing my mind in getting my thoughts out there.
    I do take pleasure in writing but it just seems like the first 10
    to 15 minutes are generally lost just trying to figure
    out how to begin. Any ideas or hints? Kudos!

    my webpage :: frun-test.sakura.ne.jp

    Trả lời

  119. I blog often and I truly thank you for your content. This great article has really peaked my interest.
    I’m going to bookmark your site and keep checking for new details
    about once a week. I subscribed to your RSS feed too.

    Here is my page: mpc-install.com

    Trả lời

  122. Howdy I am so thrilled I found your site, I
    really found you by accident, while I was searching on Aol for something else, Anyways I am here now and would
    just like to say thank you for a remarkable post and a all round interesting blog (I also love the
    theme/design), I don’t have time to go through it all at the minute but I have book-marked it and also added
    in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please do
    keep up the great job.

    my website :: bbs.shishiedu.com

    Trả lời

  125. Hello there, I discovered your site by means of Google while
    searching for a comparable topic, your web site came up, it appears great.
    I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.[X-N-E-W-L-I-N-S-P-I-N-X]Hi there, simply
    became alert to your blog via Google, and found that it’s truly informative.

    I am gonna watch out for brussels. I will be grateful in case you proceed this in future.
    Numerous people will probably be benefited out of
    your writing. Cheers!

    Here is my website: http://www.atomy123.com

    Trả lời

  126. Howdy would you mind letting me know which webhost you’re utilizing?

    I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different browsers
    and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most.
    Can you recommend a good hosting provider at a honest price?
    Cheers, I appreciate it!

    Have a look at my site – frun-test.sakura.ne.jp

    Trả lời

  129. I?m impressed, I have to admit. Rarely do I come across a blog that?s equally educative and engaging,
    and without a doubt, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue
    is an issue that not enough folks are speaking intelligently about.
    I’m very happy that I found this during my search for something regarding
    this.

    My web-site … http://www.atomy123.com

    Trả lời

  130. Basically to follow up on the update of this issue on your web-site and wish to let you know just how much I valued the time you took to create
    this handy post. In the post, you actually spoke regarding how to
    truly handle this problem with all ease.
    It would be my own pleasure to get together some more thoughts from
    your website and come as much as offer other folks
    what I have benefited from you. Thank you for
    your usual great effort.

    Have a look at my web page: https://mpc-install.com/punbb-1.4.6/viewtopic.php?id=297158

    Trả lời

  131. Great items from you, man. I have bear in mind your
    stuff prior to and you are just extremely wonderful.
    I actually like what you have bought right here, certainly like what you are stating and the way during which you
    assert it. You are making it entertaining and you still care for
    to stay it wise. I can not wait to read far
    more from you. That is really a terrific site.

    Feel free to visit my website Sybil

    Trả lời

  132. Thanks so much regarding giving me an update on this subject matter on your web page.
    Please understand that if a brand-new post becomes available or in the
    event that any improvements occur to the current post,
    I would want to consider reading a lot more and focusing on how to make good use of those tactics you
    discuss. Thanks for your efforts and consideration of other men and women by making this
    blog available.

    Here is my web page … clubriders.men

    Trả lời

  137. I do trust all the concepts you have offered for your post.

    They are very convincing and will definitely work. Nonetheless, the posts are very short
    for beginners. May just you please prolong them a bit from next time?

    Thank you for the post.

    Feel free to visit my blog – kebe.top

    Trả lời

  138. I seldom comment, however after looking at a great deal of remarks on HỎI ĐÁP Y HỌC
    LƯỢNG TỬ CUỐI TUẦN 12a BỘ GEN NGƯỜI
    – BÍ ẨN THIÊN NIÊN KỶ – Wambua.
    I do have 2 questions for you if it’s allright. Could it be just me or
    does it look as if like some of these remarks appear as if they are coming from brain dead visitors?
    😛 And, if you are writing on other online sites, I would like to keep up with everything new you have to post.
    Would you make a list of the complete urls of your social pages
    like your linkedin profile, Facebook page or twitter
    feed?

    My web-site http://bbs.shishiedu.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=158682

    Trả lời

  139. Hi there! This is kind of off topic but I need some guidance from an established blog.
    Is it tough to set up your own blog? I’m not very techincal but
    I can figure things out pretty fast. I’m thinking about making my own but I’m not sure where to begin. Do you have any ideas or
    suggestions? Cheers

    Look at my page … http://www.qijiang520.com

    Trả lời

  142. I blog quite often and I really thank you for your content.
    This great article has truly peaked my interest. I’m going
    to bookmark your site and keep checking for new information about once a week.
    I subscribed to your RSS feed as well.

    Here is my webpage … kebe.top

    Trả lời

  143. Hey there just wanted to give you a quick heads
    up and let you know a few of the pictures aren’t loading properly.
    I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it
    in two different web browsers and both show the
    same results.

    My web site :: Gertrude

    Trả lời

  145. I have recently started a site, the information you provide on this site has helped me greatly.
    Thank you for all of your time & work.

    Feel free to surf to my web site … Irma

    Trả lời

  147. With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism
    or copyright violation? My blog has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either written myself or outsourced but
    it seems a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my authorization. Do you know any solutions to
    help stop content from being ripped off? I’d truly appreciate it.

    my web site … clubriders.men

    Trả lời

    2. Based on findings from genetic toxicity and animal reproduction studies, advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential or who are pregnant to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months following the last dose of TALZENNA see Use In Specific Populations, Nonclinical Toxicology levitra 20mg generique

      Trả lời

  158. I intended to send you a very little remark to help give thanks yet again for your personal splendid tactics
    you’ve contributed on this page. This has been quite incredibly generous with people like you to convey freely what numerous people
    could have made available for an ebook to help with making
    some bucks for themselves, certainly now that you could have tried it if you ever
    desired. The techniques additionally served to provide a great way to be aware that many people have similar zeal much
    like my personal own to realize whole lot more with respect to this
    matter. Certainly there are some more pleasant opportunities up
    front for people who read your blog.

    Take a look at my page :: BitcoinX App

    Trả lời

  163. Good – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your website.
    I had no trouble navigating through all tabs as well as related
    information ended up being truly simple to do to access.
    I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all.
    Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those
    who add forums or anything, site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate.
    Excellent task.

    Feel free to visit my web site; Air Cooler Pro Air Conditioner

    Trả lời

  166. I seldom leave comments, however I looked through a
    few responses on HỎI ĐÁP Y HỌC LƯỢNG TỬ CUỐI TUẦN 12a
    BỘ GEN NGƯỜI – BÍ ẨN THIÊN NIÊN KỶ – Wambua.
    I actually do have some questions for you if it’s allright.

    Could it be just me or does it look like a few of the responses come across like they are coming from brain dead people?
    😛 And, if you are posting on other online social sites, I would like to follow
    you. Could you post a list of every one of your social pages
    like your twitter feed, Facebook page or linkedin profile?

    my web blog http://www.mhes.tyc.edu.tw

    Trả lời

  169. I rarely write remarks, however i did a few searching and wound up here HỎI ĐÁP Y HỌC LƯỢNG TỬ CUỐI
    TUẦN 12a BỘ GEN NGƯỜI – BÍ ẨN THIÊN NIÊN KỶ –
    Wambua. And I actually do have some questions for you if it’s allright.
    Could it be simply me or does it look as if like a few of
    these remarks appear like they are written by brain dead people?
    😛 And, if you are writing on other places, I would like to
    follow everything fresh you have to post. Could you list of the complete urls of your social pages like your linkedin profile,
    Facebook page or twitter feed?

    My homepage :: mpc-install.com

    Trả lời

  178. Howdy outstanding blog! Does running a blog similar to this require a lot of work?
    I’ve absolutely no knowledge of coding but I had been hoping
    to start my own blog soon. Anyhow, if you have any recommendations or techniques for new
    blog owners please share. I know this is off subject however I
    simply needed to ask. Thank you!

    Trả lời

  179. Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if
    you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that
    automatically tweet my newest twitter updates.
    I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was
    hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this.
    Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new
    updates.

    My web blog :: meteoritegarden.com

    Trả lời

  180. Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better!
    Reading through this article reminds me of my previous roommate!
    He constantly kept talking about this. I most certainly will forward this information to him.
    Fairly certain he will have a good read. Thank
    you for sharing!

    Also visit my page; Mili Tac Watch Reviews

    Trả lời

  184. Just to follow up on the update of this theme on your web site and would really want to let you know just how much I treasured the time you took to generate this handy post.
    In the post, you actually spoke on how to truly handle
    this matter with all comfort. It would be my
    personal pleasure to accumulate some more ideas from
    your web-site and come as much as offer other
    folks what I discovered from you. I appreciate your usual great effort.

    My blog … Dynamic Flex Nitric Boost Review

    Trả lời

  191. Thank you a lot for sharing this with all people you really realize what you’re speaking approximately!
    Bookmarked. Kindly also talk over with my site =).
    We can have a hyperlink trade agreement between us

    my page :: Viag Rx

    Trả lời

  193. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thank you so much,
    However I am going through difficulties with your
    RSS. I don?t know the reason why I am unable to join it.
    Is there anybody having similar RSS issues? Anybody who knows the solution will you kindly respond?
    Thanks!!

    Also visit my web site … Total Pure CBD Gummies

    Trả lời

  200. hi!,I like your writing so a lot! percentage we keep up a correspondence
    extra about your article on AOL? I need an expert in this space to
    solve my problem. May be that is you! Having a look forward to see you.

    My webpage … ViagRx

    Trả lời

  213. Heya i am for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It really useful & it helped
    me out much. I hope to give something back and aid others like you aided me.

    Feel free to surf to my homepage :: Pellamore

    Trả lời

  216. you are in reality a good webmaster. The web site loading velocity is amazing.
    It seems that you’re doing any unique trick.
    In addition, The contents are masterpiece. you have performed a magnificent
    task in this topic!

    Feel free to surf to my homepage; Son

    Trả lời

  219. I really love your blog.. Pleasant colors & theme. Did you build this
    site yourself? Please reply back as I’m wanting to create my own personal
    blog and would like to find out where you got this from or exactly what the theme is
    called. Kudos!

    My web-site Gisele

    Trả lời

  221. Hey there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I
    came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to
    my followers! Exceptional blog and outstanding style and design.

    Here is my web page: Molten Keto Pills

    Trả lời

  222. Hello There. I discovered your weblog the use of msn. This is an extremely well written article.
    I will be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more
    of your helpful information. Thanks for the
    post. I will certainly return.

    Feel free to surf to my web page :: Primiene Cream

    Trả lời

  226. Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post.
    Finding the time and actual effort to generate a top notch article…
    but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.

    Take a look at my blog – Ardent Male

    Trả lời

  229. Spot on with this write-up, I honestly feel this site
    needs a lot more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read through more, thanks for the info!

    Trả lời

  231. Definitely believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason appeared to be on the internet the easiest thing to be aware of.
    I say to you, I definitely get annoyed while people consider worries that they just don’t know about.

    You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people could take a signal.

    Will probably be back to get more. Thanks

    Trả lời

  232. It is appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy.
    I have read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you few interesting things or advice.
    Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article.
    I wish to read more things about it!

    Trả lời

  233. Link exchange is nothing else but it is simply placing the other person’s weblog link on your page at proper place and
    other person will also do similar in favor of you.

    Trả lời

  234. I wanted to draft you a bit of word to give many thanks yet again just for the superb strategies you have documented in this case.

    It is so incredibly generous with you to supply freely what a few people could have supplied as an ebook in making some profit on their own, notably given that you could
    have done it in the event you wanted. Those concepts also acted like a
    good way to fully grasp that someone else have the identical interest the same as my very own to know the truth significantly more concerning this issue.
    I think there are several more fun sessions in the future for folks who read carefully your site.

    Also visit my webpage :: http://www.aniene.net

    Trả lời

  237. What i do not understood is in fact how you are not really a lot more well-favored than you might be now.
    You’re so intelligent. You understand thus considerably when it comes to this subject, made me individually believe it from so many varied angles.
    Its like women and men don’t seem to be interested except it is one thing to accomplish with
    Girl gaga! Your own stuffs excellent. At all times maintain it up!

    My webpage polywebhost.com

    Trả lời

  238. Please let me know if you’re looking for a article author for your blog.
    You have some really great articles and I believe I would be a good asset.
    If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely
    love to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine.
    Please send me an e-mail if interested. Kudos!

    My webpage; http://www.a913.vip

    Trả lời

  241. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I
    find this matter to be really something that I think I would never understand.
    It seems too complex and very broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post,
    I will try to get the hang of it!

    Feel free to surf to my homepage Ferdinand

    Trả lời

  251. Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility problems.

    When I take a look at your website in Safari, it looks fine however,
    when opening in I.E., it’s got some overlapping issues.
    I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other than that,
    fantastic blog!

    my web site … Ingrid

    Trả lời

  252. Many thanks for being our coach eczema on feet this topic.
    We enjoyed your own article quite definitely and most of all appreciated the
    way you handled the areas I regarded as controversial.
    You happen to be always rather kind towards readers much like me and assist
    me to in my lifestyle. Thank you.

    Trả lời

  253. I wanted to follow up and let you know how , very much I appreciated discovering your web site today.

    I might consider it a great honor to do things at my
    business office and be able to use the tips discussed on your blog and also
    be involved in visitors’ reviews like this. Should a position associated with guest article writer become available at
    your end, remember to let me know.

    Also visit my page: weight loss plateau

    Trả lời

  254. I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here.
    The sketch is attractive, your authored subject matter stylish.
    nonetheless, you command get got an nervousness over
    that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again since
    exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this
    hike.

    Review my homepage :: cannabis seeds

    Trả lời

  255. I would like to express appreciation to
    the writer for bailing me out of this type of predicament.
    After surfing around throughout the world wide web and
    finding notions that were not pleasant, I was thinking my entire life was over.
    Existing minus the answers to the problems you have fixed as a result benefits of hemp seed oil your good report is a
    crucial case, and ones which might have negatively affected my entire career if I had not come across your
    web blog. Your own personal competence and kindness in taking
    care of all the stuff was very helpful. I don’t know what I would’ve done if I had not come across such a
    solution like this. I can also now look ahead
    to my future. Thanks for your time so much for the reliable and amazing guide.
    I won’t be reluctant to suggest your site to anyone who needs to have support about
    this situation.

    Trả lời

  256. Excellent pieces. Keep writing such kind of information on your page.
    Im really impressed by your site.[X-N-E-W-L-I-N-S-P-I-N-X]Hey there, You have done a fantastic
    job. I will definitely digg it and personally recommend to
    my friends. I’m confident they’ll be benefited from this web
    site.

    Feel free to surf to my site – fat burning

    Trả lời

  264. I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here.
    The sketch is attractive, your authored material
    stylish. nonetheless, you command get got an edginess over
    that you wish be delivering the following.

    unwell unquestionably come further formerly
    again since exactly the same nearly very often inside case
    you shield this increase.

    my webpage prescription drug abuse

    Trả lời

  267. Hiya! I know this is kinda off topic nevertheless I’d
    figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links
    or maybe guest authoring a blog post or vice-versa? My blog covers a lot of the same
    subjects as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit
    from each other. If you’re interested feel free to send me an email.

    I look forward to hearing from you! Terrific blog by the way!

    Look into my blog post customize healthy eating

    Trả lời

  268. I am also writing to make you be aware of what a notable encounter my cousin’s princess had reading
    through your site. She realized several issues, most notably how it
    is like to possess a great helping mindset to make many more
    very easily learn a variety of grueling subject areas.
    You truly exceeded readers’ expected results. Many thanks for displaying such helpful,
    safe, explanatory and as well as unique tips on this topic to Evelyn.

    Feel free to surf to my blog post :: cozumubuldum.com

    Trả lời

  271. What i do not realize is in fact how you’re no longer actually a lot more neatly-appreciated than you may be now.
    You’re very intelligent. You already know therefore significantly on the
    subject of this matter, made me in my view believe it from so many various angles.
    Its like women and men aren’t interested unless
    it is one thing to do with Girl gaga! Your own stuffs nice.
    At all times take care of it up!

    Here is my homepage forum.pos.md

    Trả lời

  272. What i do not understood is in reality how you’re no longer really a lot more well-favored than you might
    be right now. You are so intelligent. You recognize thus significantly on the subject of this matter, made
    me in my opinion consider it from so many numerous angles.
    Its like women and men are not involved unless it’s something to accomplish with Lady
    gaga! Your personal stuffs great. All the time deal with it up!

    Also visit my site http://www.aniene.net

    Trả lời

  274. Hello there, simply become alert to your blog via Google, and found that it’s really informative.
    I am gonna watch out for brussels. I’ll be grateful if you happen to proceed this in future.
    Numerous other people might be benefited out of your writing.

    Cheers!

    Here is my web page – buck knives

    Trả lời

  276. Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you so much, However I am going
    through troubles with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I am unable to join it.
    Is there anybody having identical RSS problems? Anybody who knows the solution will you
    kindly respond? Thanks!!

    Here is my page … 163.30.42.16

    Trả lời

  277. Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say that I have
    truly enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your rss feed
    and I hope you write again soon!

    Trả lời

  280. I do believe all of the concepts you’ve offered for your post.
    They are really convincing and will definitely work.

    Nonetheless, the posts are too short for beginners.
    Could you please prolong them a bit from subsequent time?
    Thanks for the post.

    My blog post: dry itchy skin

    Trả lời

  281. I have learn several excellent stuff here. Definitely price bookmarking for revisiting.
    I wonder how so much attempt you place to create this sort of fantastic informative website.

    Trả lời

  287. Definitely believe that which you stated. Your favorite justification appeared to be on the net the simplest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I definitely get irked while people think about worries that they plainly don’t know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top and also defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people can take a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thanks

    Trả lời

  288. Whats Taking place i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It absolutely useful and it has helped me out loads. I hope to give a contribution & assist different users like its aided me. Great job.

    Trả lời

  297. Today, I went to the beachfront with my children. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She placed the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is entirely off topic but I had to tell someone!

    Trả lời